Sabbath

Exodus 20:8 Remember^{2142 the (853) sabbath7676 day,3117 to keep it holy.6942}	^{8 "Remember the Sabbath day, to set it apart.}
^{9 Six8337 days3117 shalt thou labor,5647 and do6213 all3605 thy work:4399}	^{9 "Six days you labour, and shall do all your work,}
^{10 But the seventh7637 day3117 is the sabbath7676 of the LORD3068 thy God:430 in it thou shalt not3808 do6213 any3605 work,4399 thou,859 nor thy son,1121 nor thy daughter,1323 thy manservant,5650 nor thy maidservant,519 nor thy cattle,929 nor thy stranger1616 that834 is within thy gates:8179}	^{10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath of יהוה your Elohim. You do not do any work - you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates.}
^{11 For3588 in six8337 days3117 the LORD3068 made6213 (853) heaven8064 and earth,776 (853) the sea,3220 and all3605 that834 in them is, and rested5117 the seventh7637 day:3117 wherefore5921, 3651 the LORD3068 blessed1288 the (853) sabbath7676 day,3117 and hallowed6942 it.}	^{11 "For in six days יהוה made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore יהוה blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart.}

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
H7676

שׁבּת

shabbâth

shab-bawth'

Intensive from H7673; intermission, that is, (specifically) the Sabbath: - (+ every) sabbath.

H7673

שׁבת

shâbath

shaw-bath'

A primitive root; to repose, that is, desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causatively, figuratively or specifically): - (cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause (make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave, put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.

H5117

נוּח

nûach

noo'-akh

A primitive root; to rest, that is, settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, intransitively, transitively and causatively (to dwell, stay, let fall, place, let alone, withdraw, give comfort, etc.): - cease, be confederate, lay, let down, (be) quiet, remain, (cause to, be at, give, have, make to) rest, set down. Compare H3241.

"Shabbat is the source for the English term Sabbath. The Sabbath (or Sabbat) is a weekly day of rest and/or worship that is observed in the Judeo-Christian faiths. The term was first used in the biblical account of the last day of creation. It was repeated, as a commandment, as the fourth of the Ten Commandments. The Hebrew word Shabbat comes from the Hebrew verb shavat, which literally means "to cease." Although Shabbat (or its anglicized version, "Sabbath") is almost universally translated as "rest" or a "period of rest," a more literal translation would be "ceasing", with the implication of "ceasing from work." Thus, Shabbat is the day of ceasing from work; while resting is implied, it is not a necessary denotation of the word itself. For example, the Hebrew word for "strike" (as in work stoppage) is shevita, which comes from the same Hebrew root as Shabbat, and has the same implication, namely that striking workers actively abstain from work, rather than passively. If the meaning of the word is understood as "ceasing from labor" rather than "rested," this is more consistent with the biblical view of an omnipotent God." ( Wikipedia®)

“1. Sabbath and New Moon (Rosh Hodesh), both periodically recurring in the course of the year. The New Moon is still, and the Sabbath originally was, dependent upon the lunar cycle. Both date back to the nomadic period of Israel. Originally the New Moon was celebrated in the same way as the Sabbath; gradually it became less important, while the Sabbath became more and more a day of religion and humanity, of religious meditation and instruction, or peace and delight of the soul, and produced powerful and beneficent effects outside of Judaism.” (Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, p.410 , “Holidays”)

"It is powerfully urged by the believers in a primitive Sabbath, that we find from time immemorial the knowledge of a week of 7 days among all nations-- Egyptians, Arabians, Indians -- in a word, all the nations of the East, have in all ages made use of this week of 7 days, for which it is difficult to account without admitting that this knowledge was derived from the common ancestors [Adam and Eve] of the human race. Among all early nations the lunar months were the readiest large divisions of time...(and was divided in 4 weeks), corresponding (to) the phases or the quarters of the moon. In order to connect the reckoning by weeks with the lunar month, we find that all ancient nations observed some peculiar solemnities to mark the day of the New Moon." (The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, 1904, p.1497)

"Asurbanipal in the seventh century promulgated a calendar with a definite scheme of a seven-day week, a regulation of the month by which all men were to rest on days 7, 14, 19, 21, 28. The old menology of Nisan that made the two days of the dark moon, 29, 30, rest-days, so that each lunar month had 9 rest-days, on which neither the sick could be cured nor a man in difficulty consult a prophet; none might travel and fasting was enforced." (S. Langdon, Babylonian Menologies and the Semitic Calendars, London: Oxford University Press, 1935, pp.86-87

"The association of sabbath rest with the account of creation must have been very ancient among the Hebrews, and it is noteworthy that no other Semitic peoples, even the Babylonians, have any tradition of the creation in six days. It would appear that the primitive Semites had four chief moondays, probably the first, eighth, fifteenth, and twenty-second of each month, called sabbaths from the fact that there was a tendency to end work before them so that they might be celebrated joyfully." (The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol.10, p.135)

The true weekly seventh day Sabbath of the Scriptures is always observed on the same days of the moon each month, and not by the currently used Gregorian Calendar. Sixty Sabbath days, observed by the holy men of old, have been pinpointed, and every one of them is on either the 8th, 15th, 22nd, or 29th day of the moon. The day on which the New Moon (Rosh Chodesh) occurred was not included when counting out the six workdays. The gates of His house were to be shut during the six workdays and open on the New Moons and Sabbaths (Ezekiel 46:1),and the New Moon was a worship day (Isaiah 66:23) and the next day was the first workday. The seventh day Sabbath was always on the eighth day from the New Moon (Rosh Chodesh), an intermission day, with six workdays in between.